Land use and infrastructure set the context, but in the end, transportation fuel use is driven by individual choices. Portland has proven strategies that can be expanded to promote a variety of transportation options. It also needs to develop new strategies to promote both energy-efficient vehicles and energy-efficient transportation modes.
Alternative fuels cannot replace the amount of transportation fuels used today, but they can play an important role in decreasing Portland’s vulnerability to energy markets. The City should determine how to encourage production and use of alternative fuels that give a good return on energy used.
Action items:
a) Encourage “paid parking environments” wherever possible, since there is a direct connection between free parking and automobile dependency. Parking costs and supply are the most effective tools for encouraging transportation options. The City should extend metering for curbside parking to congested retail commercial districts throughout the city. Metering will reduce cruising for a parking space because it reduces the number of cars and promotes turnover of parking spaces. The City should earmark a portion of parking revenues for pedestrian, bicycle and transit accessibility improvements, and for other improvements to the vitality of the commercial districts.
b) Expand programs and policies that promote specific efficient transportation options including walking, bicycling, transit use, car- and vanpooling, car-sharing and flexible work hours.
c) Expand individualized marketing programs which use personal contacts to identify and support the transportation options people want to use. These programs have consistently reduced single occupancy vehicle trips by 8 to 10 percent in the four Portland neighborhoods in which they have been implemented. Still, they have reached only 20 to 25 percent of residents and few businesses, and then only for one year.
d) Encourage businesses to take advantage of ride-sharing and car-sharing.
e) Work with Oregon Department of Transportation and other responsible agencies to provide incentives and remove barriers to the purchase and use of hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, small vehicles and alternative vehicles that currently are restricted in use.
f) Investigate incentives to reduce single occupancy trips or congestion:
g)
Encourage production and distribution of biofuels. Identify strategies, incentives and taxes to promote existing and new technologies.
h) Adopt policies and programs to prioritize biodiesel (and diesel) supplies for heavy uses including freight, buses, and heavy equipment. These require the concentrated power that diesel and biodiesel provide. More alternative fuel options are available for personal transportation than for heavy-duty uses.
i) Use the most fuel-efficient flex-fuel vehicles available for the City fleet (see Table 2 for recent fuel usage by bureau).